Glucidos-links

GLUCIDOS

Informaçao geral

Directorios

https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html

Textos

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Carbohydrates.html

http://www.nl.edu/jste/carbohyd.htm´

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002469.htm

http://www.livescience.com/51976-carbohydrates.html

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161547.php

http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/understanding-carbohydrates/types-of-carbohydrates.html

http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/carbohydrates/art-20045705

Nomenclatura

http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/

http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/ec_tutorials/tutorial55.pdf

http://www.glyco.ac.ru/Nomenclature/Carbohydrates.pdf

http://grtc.ucsd.edu/old_essentials/2004/lecture3.pdf

Informaçao especializada

Aldoses

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldose

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Aldoses

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch25/ch25-2-4.html

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides

https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/carbhyd.htm

Acidos uronicos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uronic_acid

http://www.namrata.co/uronic-acid-pathway-subjective-questions-solved/

Amido

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

Amilose

Amilopectina

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-starch-definition-function-chemical-formula.html

http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/starch.htm

 

Amido resistente

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistant_starch

http://www.prevention.com/food/healthy-eating-tips/resistant-starch-natural-fat-burner

http://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-resistant-starch

https://authoritynutrition.com/resistant-starch-101/

https://chriskresser.com/how-resistant-starch-will-help-to-make-you-healthier-and-thinner/

http://paleoleap.com/resistant-starch/

Amilase

http://www.esculape.com/fmc2/amylasemie.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase

http://www.tuotromedico.com/temas/amilasa_en_suero.htm

http://ffffrfwww.healthline.com/health/amylase-blood#Results5

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/amylase-17444#1

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003464.htm

https://draxe.com/amylase/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186389-overview

https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/74

Amilopectina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin

http://study.com/academy/lesson/amylopectin-structure-function.html

Texto e vídeo

http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/02/difference-between-amylose-and_17.html#.WCuLhP5XVMs

http://www.biotopics.co.uk/jsmol/amylopectin.html

http://www.food-info.net/uk/carbs/starch.htm

https://draxe.com/3-ways-wheat-is-giving-you-a-belly/

Amilose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylose

http://study.com/academy/lesson/amylose-structure-formula-function.html

Texto e vídeo

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/547starch.html

Arabinose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinose

http://userpages.umbc.edu/~lrowan1/arabinoseoperon.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC94830/

http://aem.asm.org/content/76/5/1524.full

Celobiose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellobiose

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do;jsessionid=8F2F7BC2E7AA5B21A3C6DE4252E2CE43?chebiId=CHEBI:17057

Celulose

http://www.pslc.ws/mactest/cell.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/consumer/faq/what-is-cellulose.shtml

httfffp://www.pslc.ws/macrog/cell.htm

http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/cell.htm

http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/starlose.htm

http://www.fibersource.com/f-tutor/cellulose.htm

http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ca-Ch/Cellulose.html

Cetoses

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketose

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Carbohydrates/Ketoses

http://study.com/academy/lesson/aldose-vs-ketose-sugars.html

Texto e vídeo

http://www.livestrong.com/article/386795-the-definition-of-reducing-sugars/

https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/carbhyd.htm

Complexity Simple Carbohydrates monosaccharides Complex Carbohydrates disaccharides, oligosaccharides & polysaccharides

Size Tetrose C4 sugars Pentose C5 sugars Hexose C6 sugars Heptose C7 sugars etc.

C=O Function Aldose sugars having an aldehyde function or an acetal equivalent. Ketose sugars having a ketone function or an acetal equivalent.

Reactivity Reducing sugars oxidized by Tollens' reagent (or Benedict's or Fehling's reagents). Non-reducing sugars not oxidized by Tollens' or other reagents.

Ciclo dos Cori

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cycle

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/615coricycle.html

https://biochemist01.wordpress.com/tag/cori-cycle-is-lactic-acid-cycle/

http://gluconeogenesis.org/what-is-the-cori-cycle/

Ciclo de Felig

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahill_cycle

https://prezi.com/ko5pzb31jof3/glucose-alanine-cycle/

http://medicinenewbie.blogspot.pt/2012/10/glucosealanine-cycle.html

http://www.slideshare.net/Adetorokozzim/8-glucosealanine-cycle

Ciclo do glioxilato

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22383/

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/lipid-metabolism/glyoxylate-cycle-steps-and-significance-with-diagram-lipid-metabolism/23204

Ciclo deKrebs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid_cycle

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/citricacidcycle/section2.rhtml~

https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cellular-respiration-7/oxidation-of-pyruvate-and-the-citric-acid-cycle-75/citric-acid-cycle-361-11587/

http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Biological_Chemistry/Metabolism/Kreb's_Cycle

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/612citricsum.html

Ciclo das pentoses

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_des_pentoses_phosphates

http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/bmedia/Metabo/pentosep.html

Ciclo de Rapoport- Luebring

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luebering-Rapoport_pathway

http://www.slideshare.net/YESANNA/rapaport

https://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-6405

http://www.ld99.com/reference/old/text/2878909-508.html

https://allaboutblood.com/tag/rappaport-leubering-pathway/

Desoxiribose

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desoxyribose

Dextrina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrin

Dihidroxiacetona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroxyacetone

Disacaridos

http://faculty.virginia.edu/mcgarveylab/Carbsyn/Carblist/html/disacch.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaccharide

Disaccharide	Unit 1	Unit 2	Bond
Sucrose (table sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, or saccharose)	Glucose	Fructose	α(1→2)β
Lactulose	Galactose	Fructose	β(1→4)
Lactose (milk sugar)	Galactose	Glucose	β(1→4)
Maltose (malt sugar)	Glucose	Glucose	α(1→4)
Trehalose	Glucose	Glucose	α(1→1)α
Cellobiose	Glucose	Glucose	β(1→4)
Chitobiose	Glucosamine	Glucosamine	β(1→4)

Eritrose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrose

http://www.chemistry-school.info/erythroffse_.htm

Fermentaçoes

http://www.icr.org/article/172/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/variations-on-cellular-respiration/a/fermentation-and-anaerobic-respiration

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/yeast-fermentation-and-the-making-of-beer-14372813

http://chemistry.about.com/od/foodscienceprojects/a/Yogurt-Chemistry.htm

Fotosintese

http://www.whatislife.com/reader2/Metabolism/pathway/photosyn.html

http://faculty.nl.edu/jste/calvin_cycle.htm

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CalvinCycle.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss3/pigments.html

http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.html

Frutose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose

https://cdavies.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/simple-sugars-fructose-glucose-and-sucrose/

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-in-structure-between-glucose-and-fructose

Fucose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucose

http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/7/41R.full

http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/7/41R.full.pdf

Furanose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanose

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch25/ch25-2-3.html

http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Reactions/Addition_Reactions/Addition_to_Carbonyls/Pyranose_and_Furanose_Forms

Galactose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose

http://www.nutrientsreview.com/carbs/monosaccharides-galactose.html

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/543galactose.html

http://www.tuscany-diet.net/carbohydrates/galactose/

Genciobiose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentiobiose

Gliceraldeido

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde

Glicogenese

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesis

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/604glycogenesis.html

http://www.biochemden.com/carbohydrate-metabolism-glycogenesis/

http://www.diapedia.org/metabolism-insulin-and-other-hormones/51040851111/glycogenolysis-and-glycogenesis

http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-glycogenesis

Glicogenio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen

http://rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/glycogen.htm

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/547glycogen.html

Glicogenolise

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenolysis

http://www.diapedia.org/metabolism-insulin-and-other-hormones/51040851111/glycogenolysis-and-glycogenesis

http://www.tuscany-diet.net/carbohydrates/glycogen/glycogenolysis/

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/604glycogenesis.html

http://www.slideshare.net/YESANNA/glycogenolysis-42953316

http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/15587/1/What-Is-Glycogenolysis.htm

http://www.checkdiabetes.org/glycogenolysis/

Glicolipidos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolipid

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/glycol.htm

http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/glylp.html

http://study.com/academy/lesson/glycolipids-definition-function-structure.html

http://www.whatislife.com/reader2/Metabolism/pathway/glycoprotein.html

http://www.omicsonline.org/membrane-glycolipids-functional-heterogeneity-a-review-2161-1009.1000108.php?aid=4062

https://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/31/698

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/glycol.htm

http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/glylp.html

Glicolise

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/glycolysis/a/glycolysis

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/601glycolysissum.html

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

Animaçao

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/glycolysis.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22593/~

Glicoproteinas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/Glycoproteins.html

http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/pps97/assignments/projects/emilia/Structure.HTM

http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/misc/glycp.html

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-glycoproteins-definition-functions-examples.html

Video

Glicosaminoglicanas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1900/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104567/

http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/organic-chemistry/glycosaminoglycans.html

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/Glycoproteins.html

Gulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulose

Heparina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin

http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/21/7/1094

Inulina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inulin

Isomaltose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomaltose

http://wikidiff.com/isomaltose/maltose

Lactitol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactitol

Lactose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/546lactose.html

https://www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/book-page/lactose

Lactulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactulose

Maltitol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltitol

http://jonsupps.com/what-are-sugar-alcohols/sugar-and-maltitol-chemical-structure/

http://polyols.org/facts-about-polyols/maltitol/

Maltose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose

http://study.com/academy/lesson/maltose-definition-structure-function.html

vídeo

Melibiose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melibiose

Metabolismo dos glúcidos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

http://www.sparknotes.com/health/carbohydrates/section3.rhtml

Mucopolisacaridos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-mucopolysaccharides.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1204610/

http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/organic-chemistry/glycosaminoglycans.html

Mutarotaçao

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutarotation

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch25/ch25-3-3.html

http://www.mendelset.com/help/2828/what_types_sugars_can_undergo_mutarotation

http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/biochemistry/mutarotation.html

Neoglicogenese

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9oglucogen%C3%A8se

https://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/gluconeo.htm

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/carbohydrate-metabolism/a/glycolysis-and-gluconeogenesis

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/604glycogenesis.html

http://www.checkdiabetes.org/gluconeogenesis/

Octose

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octose

Oligosacaridos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide

http://www.livestrong.com/article/545158-the-difference-between-oligosaccharides-polysaccharides/

http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/organic-chemistry/oligosaccharides.html

Oses

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose

http://www.chups.jussieu.fr/polys/biochimie/SGLbioch/POLY.Chp.1.4.5.html

http://biochimej.univ-angers.fr/Page2/COURS/3CoursdeBiochSTRUCT/2GLUCIDES/1Glucides.htm

http://biotech.spip.ac-rouen.fr/IMG/pdf/structure_oses.pdf

http://unf3s.cerimes.fr/media/paces/Grenoble_1112/faure_patrice/faure_patrice_p01/faure_patrice_p01.pdf

Pentoses

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose

Piranose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranose

http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/mcgarveylab/Carbsyn/Carblist/html/pyranose.html

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch25/ch25-2-3.html

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/molecular-biology/mono-saccharides-pyranoses-and-furanoses-with-diagram/3147

http://iverson.cm.utexas.edu/courses/310N/MOTD%20Fl05/MOTDsp04/OtherSugars.html

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-pyruvate-definition-lesson-quiz.html

Video

Piruvato

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvic_acid

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Organic/pyruvate.html

Poliois

http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/addit/sweeten-edulcor/polyols_polydextose_factsheet-polyols_polydextose_fiche-fra.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_oil_polyols

https://www.verywell.com/maltitol-just-say-no-2242220

Poliosidos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/sugar.htm

http://employees.csbsju.edu/HJAKUBOWSKI/classes/ch331/cho/complexoligosacch.htm

http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/what_are_polysaccharides.htm

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Rafinose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinose

Ramnose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnose

Ribose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose

Ribulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribulose

Sacarose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose

Sedoheptulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedoheptulose

Sorbose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbose

Tagatose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagatose

Trealose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalose

Treose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threose

Triholosidos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisaccharide

Xilitol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol

Xilose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose

Xilulose

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylulose